Phythematics 11-Resultant force acting on a Hall thruster

«Hall thrusters are able to accelerate their exhaust to speeds between 10 and 80 km/s (1,000–8,000 s specific impulse), with most models operating between 15 and 30 km/s. The thrust produced depends on the power level. Devices operating at 1.35 kW produce about 83 mN of thrust.» – Wikipedia

REF:https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/SciTechBook/series1/Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdf

[1] Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters, Dan M. Goebel and Ira Katz [and correcting a typo on page 18]

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Phythematics 9-Breathing mode in Hall Thrusters

Breathing mode is an ionization instability which is observed ubiquitously in the operation of Hall thrusters. It is recognized as a relatively low frequency (10–30 kHz) longitudinal oscillation of the discharge current and the plasma parameters.

REF:

[1] Anode sheath in Hall thrusters, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2551 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1615307

L. Dorf and V. SemenovInstitute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603155

Y. RaitsesPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543

[2] O. Chapurin, A. I Smolyakov, G. Hagelaar, Y. Raitses. On the mechanism of ionization oscillations in
Hall thrusters. Journal of Applied Physics, American Institute of Physics, 2021, 129 (23), pp.233307.
￿10.1063/5.0049105

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Phythematics 6-Hall Thrusters

Hall thrusters are essential for control attitude of artificial satellites and spacecrafts.

REF: Dan M. Goebel and Ira Katz, Fundamentals of electric Propulsion-ion and Hall thrusters (John Wiley & sons, New Jersey, 2008)

NB-“Phythematics” is meant to be a short calligraphic text containing calculus aiming to maximize understanding of physics and natural processes. For the fun of it. Remember, for better learnig:

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